This image is a coronal image of a MRI head showing a large central vein of Galen malformation with moderate degree of hydrocephalus.http://www.emedicine.com/neuro/topic538.htm. Galen malformations are when capillaries that normally slow blood flow and allow oxygen exchange with surrounding tissues are missing. This allows the blood to flow directly from arteries into the veins without slowing down. This rush of blood goes almost directly to the heart, overwhelming it. This can lead to congestive heart failure. This is most often seen in infants who experience rapid heart failure. In some cases a child may develop hydrocephalus because the malformation blocks the normal flow of cerebrospinal fluid. The most effective treatment is embolization rather than surgery. After a successful embolization patients can go on to lead full and active lives. If untreated this can cause problems with mental development resulting in retardation or even death.
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