Angiofibroma

This is a coronal CT image showing a angiofibroma. The lesion is filling the left nasal cavity and ethmoid sinus, blocking the maxillay sinus, and causes the septum to deviate to the right. This image is from http://www.emedicine.com/ENT/topic470.htm. A angiofibroma is a benign vascoformative tumor occuring mostly is adolescent males. These tumors contain testosterone receptors and may grow during testosterone administration. Angiofibromas arise from the wall of the nasal cavity. The symptoms depend on the size and location of the tumor. The tumor can cause periodic nosebleeds, facial swelling, nasal congestion, hyponasal speech, or otorrhea. The tumor is diagnosed by having a CT scan, MRI scan, or a sinus xray. They can be treated by surgically removing them or radiation treatments if it extends into the cranium.

retinoblastoma

Retinoblastoma is a childhood cancer arising from immature cells in one or both eyes. This cancer can metastasize to the brain, central nervous system and the bones in some cases. It usually occurs in younger children, but can occur at any age. 90% of patients have no family history of this disease. It is curable if caught early enough, but 87% of children with this disease die. Common signs of this disease is a white glow in the pupil in low lighting. White pupil in a color photo, as seen in the picture on the top, or crossed or misaligned eyes. Retinoblastoma can be treated by removing the affected eye before the cancer spreads, chemotherapy, or radiation beam treatments. The image on top is from http://www.retinoblastoma.net/whatisrb.html. The image on the bottom is a CT scan of a patient with retinoblastoma from http://www.emedicine.com/oph/topic346.htm.

Prolactinoma

This is a MR saggital image of 13 year old girls pituitary gland with a Prolactinoma. This girl was having symptoms of breast discharge and headaches. http://goldbamboo.com/pictures-t1660.html

Prolactinoma is a benign tumor of the pituitary gland that produces prolactin hormone. This is the most common type of pituitary tumor. 25 to 35 percent of all pituitary adenomas are Prolactinomas. The cause of these tumors is unknown. It has been found that most pituitary tumors are not genetically passed from parent to offspring. The symptoms are caused by too much prolactin in the blood or by pressure of the tumor on surrounding tissues. Woman may be complaining of menstruation disruption, unexplained milk secretion, visual problems, or infertility. Men may complain of impaired sexual function, headaches, visual problems, or milk secretion. When going to the doctor, the doctor will test if the prolactin levels in the blood are high. If so they may order a thyroid test, CT, or MRI. These tumors can be treated with surgery, medicine, or radiation treatments. These treatments are done to return prolactic levels to normal, reduce the tumor size, correct visual problems, and restore normal pituitary function.